贸易要素收入与中美贸易平衡 (中国论坛)

作者: admin , 发表于: 星期三, 三月 15, 2023, 23:11 (620天前) @ admin

贸易要素收入与中美贸易平衡

近日，清华大学公共管理学院长聘副教授、国情研究院副研究员高宇宁、博士生张美晨等在英文期刊《中国经济评论（China Economic Review）》联合发表文章“贸易要素收入与中美贸易平衡（Trade in factor income and the US-China trade balance）”。内容简介如下。

美国跨国企业向中国国内消费者出售了大量的产品，这些产品是在中国或其他国家“制造”的。然而这些销售并没有被算作美国对中国的出口。研究提出了一个超越国界的方法来衡量贸易流量，这种方法明确地考虑了公司的所有权，被称为“要素收入贸易（TiFI）”，即将中国最终需求所引致的美国所有的要素收入定义为美国对中国的出口。

将这一方法应用于经合组织的数据，研究发现，从2005年到2016年，以TiFI计算，平均而言美国对中国的出口分别增加了20.34%和8.21%，中国对美国的出口分别减少了1.64%和16.04%。因此美国对中国的贸易逆差比以附加值和总价值计算的贸易数字分别少17.4%和32.0%。要素收入贸易的概念将贸易测度从基于地域的“made in”标签转变为基于要素收入的“creation by”标签。

▋China Economic Review
Volume 73, June 2022, 101792
Received 16 August 2021
Revised 19 March 2022
Accepted 30 March 2022
Available online 6 April 2022
Version of Record 28 April 2022
Trade in factor income and the US-China trade balance
BoMeng a YuningGao bJiabaiYe c MeichenZhang b YuqingXing d
a Institute of Developing Economies - Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO), Japan, and Guest Senior Research Fellow, School of Low Carbon Economics, Hubei University of Economics, China
b School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, China
c Tsinghua University, China
d National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Japan
Abstract
US multindoational enterprises sell considerable amounts of products to China's domestic consumers that are “made” in either China or other countries. However, these sales are not counted as US exports to China. To account for this, we propose a beyond-borders approach to measuring trade flows that explicitly considers firm ownership, termed“trade in factor income (TiFI),”that defines the US-owned factor income induced by China's final demand as US exports to China. Applying this approach to OECD data, we find that on average from 2005 to 2016 in TiFI terms, US exports to China were 20.34% and 8.21% greater, China's exports to the US were 1.64% and 16.04% less, and the US trade deficits with China were 17.4% and 32.0% less than the trade figures reported in value added and gross terms, respectively. The concept of TiFI transforms trade measures from a territory-based “made in” label to a factor income-based “created by” label.